What Is Emotional Intelligence (EQ)?

Jason M. Satterfield - Lecturer

Leading Models of EQ

Goldman - Social Competency Model

Knowing your emotions

Managing your own emotions

Motivating yourself by marshalling emotions*

Recognizing and understanding other people's emotions

Managing relationships

More social, compentcy model

*delayed gratification, entering flow-states

Regulation &*

Integrative Ability Model (Yale)

the ability to perceive and express emotion

assimilate emotion and thought

Understand and reason with emotion

Regulate emotion in the self and others

Abilities/skills which can be trained

Mixed Model

Array of non-cognitive capabilities, competencies, and skills that influence one's abilities to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures.

Intra-personal skills: self-awareness, sense of independence

Inter-personal skills:  empathy

Adaptability: problem-solving

Stress management

Mood tendency

Personality traits: extroversion, neuroticism

Inclusion of Traits imply unable to change

Three Clinical Examples

Patient 1: Michael, married 51 y/o father, partner in architecture firm

CBT for anger and stress, smoking cessation

Focus is on Professional Coaching

Patient 2: Carol, 31 y/o woman, social anxiety

Patient 3: Maria, widower

Key-Concepts

Define EQ, high/low EQ behaviors

Name 3 leading models, compare/contrast

Compare/contrast EQ & IQ, what does each predict?

Exploring Emotions

Multi-faceted whole-body responses that involve coordinated changes in the domains of subjective experience behavior and peripheral physiology

Assumes

Real or imagined event

Attention to and evaluation of situation

Focus/concertation

Cognitive appraisal

Emotional response

Feedback to #1, creating a loop

Modal Model of Emotions 

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-process-model-of-emotion-regulation-Gross-Thompson-2007_fig3_273755654

http://sites.tufts.edu/emotiononthebrain/2014/10/10/dont-go-wasting-your-emotion-the-process-model-of-emotion-regulation/ 

Cognitive therapy focuses on appraisal

CBT Triangle

Cognitive Triangle Worksheet Feeling Thinking Doing

Are there universal emotions?

Happiness

Surprise

Saddness

Anger

Disgust

Fear 

https://www.paulekman.com/universal-facial-expressions/ 

https://www.paulekman.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Universal-Facial-Expressions-Of-Emotion.pdf 

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=paul+ekman+universal+emotions&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia6O-6pbzZAhXGuVkKHYr6C3wQgQMIJzAA

Emotional atlas

http://atlasofemotions.org/

The Atlas of Emotions with Dr. Paul Ekman and Dr. Eve Ekman

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaDzUFL9CLE

Russell's circumplex model of emotion

Emotion classification

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=russell%27s+circumplex+model+of+emotion&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUtfSGprzZAhVGpFkKHYGQAYsQgQMIJzAA

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367156/

PANAS

http://www.statisticssolutions.com/positive-and-negative-affect-schedule-panas/

https://booksite.elsevier.com/9780123745170/Chapter%203/Chapter_3_Worksheet_3.1.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_and_Negative_Affect_Schedule

Photographic Affect Meter

Quick free way to evaluate mood

http://idl.cornell.edu/projects/pam/

Core concepts

Defining emotions and their purpose

Modal model

ABCs of congitive triangle

Circumplex model

Skill tracker

Use Modal model to record experiences

Rate mood using circumplex

Embodied Emotions

Interoception is a lesser-known sense that helps you understand and feel what's going on inside your body. Kids who struggle with the interoceptive sense may have trouble knowing when they feel hungry, full, hot, cold or thirsty. Having trouble with this sense can also make self-regulation a challenge.

From <https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1GGRV_enUS751US751&q=interoception&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTwMrUtbzZAhWwslkKHZ6hCmMQ7xYIJigA&biw=1536&bih=779>

Multi-dimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness

Free 32-item survey

https://www.osher.ucsf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/maia1.pdf

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=multidimensional+assessment+of+interoceptive+awareness&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjus-z9tbzZAhWywFkKHdN0DYwQgQMIJzAA

Proprioception (/ˌproʊprioʊˈsɛpʃən, -priə-/[1][2] PRO-pree-o-SEP-shən), from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own", "individual", and capio, capere, to take or grasp, is the sense of the relative position of one's own parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement.[3]

From <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprioception>

Cannon/Bard Theory of Emotion

In the late 1920s, Walter Cannon and Philip Bard proposed their own theory in refutation of the James-Lange Theory of Emotion. According to the Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion, emotions and bodily changes do not share a cause-and-effect relationship. Rather, they occur simultaneously, following a stimulating event.

From <https://explorable.com/cannon-bard-theory-of-emotion>

Emotion in CNS/PNS

Limbic System - amygdala: responsible for fear response

Pre-frontal Cortext: anticipates consequences of our actions

In fight/flight response, Amygdala turns down PFC

Can train PFC to turn down Amydala: Mindfulness Meditation

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic and somatic branches

Autonomic - responds to stressors

Sympathetic: fight or flight

Para-sympathetic: rest & digest

ANS is responsible for arousal

PFC has bi-directional connections to limbic system which can turn up or down emotions

Cognitive Appraisal of current situation determines emotional physical response

Three theories

James Lange

Cannon/Bard

Schachter/Singer

The mind takes its shape from whatever it rests upon

Neurons the fire together, wire together

There is bi-directional feedback, so power-poses to change emotional state is a thing

Emotional Impacts

Emotions:

• Preparing behavioral response
• Directing attention
• Enhancing memory
• Influencing decisions
• Shaping interpersonal interactions

EQ cuts across all 3 Mental Operations:

• Motivation
• Cognition
• Emotions

Emotions are a signal, a report of current situation

The better you understand emotions, the better you are at office politics and therefore earn more.

1. Trigger - what started the emotional response
2. Emotion - the emotion itself, could be multiple
3. Intensity
4. Sensations in body
5. Thoughts/cognition
6. Behavior - what did you do?

Emotional Impact on:

Kahneman's Dual system Theory

System 1

Intuitive, automatic, rapid, almost unthinking, gut feeling

System 2

Reflective, controlled, analytical, deliberative

Perception and Expression of Emotions

The greater good website - learn how to recognize emotions

http://Greatergood.berkley.edu/ei_quiz

Facial expression

• Body posture
• Eye contact
• Body movements

Non-linguistic auditory

• Tone of voice
• Pitch
• Rate of speech

Micro-expression Training Tool

https://www.paulekman.com/micro-expressions-training-tools/

Free version: DANVA2

http://www.users.miamioh.edu/wicklivb/

I should take these

LEA - Lack of Emotional Awareness Subscale

DERS - Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale

Cultures give us 'display rules'

The Emotional Atlas was commissioned by the Dali Lama. How did he not mention this the first time?? Wow!

4 negative : 1 positive emotions in the atlas

Positive Psychology

Hedonic adaptation - getting used to good stuff and having its impact on your happiness fade

Emotion Regulation Therapy - normative and disordered emotional processing and learning

• Motivational mechanisms - min/max reward/loss
• Emotional Regulatory Mechanisms - hard-wired pathways (limbic to pre-frontal) versus top-down (pre-frontal to limbic)
• Contextual learning consequences - learning safety/threat cues

Mastering contextual learning - teach emotional regulation, don't coddle

Moving arousal up or down

Shifting valence

Altering duration of response

Fix yourself first

Make sure help is wanted

Provide counter-evidence

Perceived stress scale

Occupation stress inventory

• Occupational Stress
• Psychological strain
• Coping resources

Herbert Freudenberger coined "Burnout"

Herbert Freudenberger

Brownout - disengaged and unmotivated

3-minute breathing space

1. Focus on awareness
2. Focus on breath
3. Focus on sensation

Leadership styles

• Lassie faire
• Autocratic
• Participative Leadership (blend)
• Transactional
• Transformational Leadership (disruptors)

MLQ

Multi-factoral leadership

ESCI 360

Leadership Styles/Visions

Management policies/procedures/organization

Employee Practices/HR

Policies & Philosophies

People's personalities and values

Mission vision and values

Physical Work environment, Office allocation

Manner of communication/transparency

What happens at 5pm??

Group Dynamics

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

Organizational climate questionnaire

http://homepages.se.edu/cvonbergen/files/2013/01/The-Organizational-Climate-Questionnaire.pdf

Experiential avoidance - cocooning

Distraction works well for Rumination

Emotion Regulation Therapy

Motivational skills training

Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)

http://cairncenter.com/forms/difficultiesinemotionalregulation_scale.pdf